Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction
A wheelchair ramp is an important tool for helping your loved ones live at home independently. If they are not designed properly they could be dangerous to use.
ADA regulations require level landings on any changes in direction, to avoid compound slopes. They must also provide a gripping surface for wheelchair users.
Design
The ramp design should meet the Americans with Disabilities Act standards to allow wheelchairs to navigate the structure easily. For instance, the ramp's slope should not exceed a ratio of 1:12 and must have level landings at any direction change or shift in the ramp's surface. It must also be constructed using treated lumber, which is more durable than untreated and can weather precipitation better.
The ramp's top and bottom must be free of any obstacles such as trees or bushes, or any other structures which could hinder the safety of the user. The surface of the ramp should also be non-slip and hard. Certain municipalities require an anti-slip running surface on the entire length of the ramp.
Use treated lumber at least four inches in width for the ramp frame. Create posts to anchor the ramp, making sure they are at least eight feet apart, and that they extend below the ground level. The posts should be connected with the ramp's railings by using spindles. This kind of connection minimizes the chance of a ramp user falling off the ramp.
Then, construct the ramp's frame using joists that are at least 16 inches long and beams that measure 2 by 4 inches. The joists should be placed at minimum 18 inches above the ground and secured with Joist hangings which are nails that sit inside the joists to prevent them from sliding. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.
Create an upper landing in the doorway, allowing wheelchair users to control the doorswing easily. The landing should be enough to give at least 12 to 24 inches of "elbow room" on the handle side for out-swing doors. For doors with in-swing the landing should be at least 58 inches by 60 inches to accommodate the door's threshold and a person using wheelchair who has to walk backwards through the doorway.
Install an elevated landing at every change in the direction of the ramp to avoid the need for wheelchairs to slam on their brakes as they turn corners. A level landing is easier to move a ramp out of the way when needed, so that lawnmowers and other equipment can be able to pass underneath it.
Materials
Concrete, wood or aluminium can be used to construct ramps for wheelchairs. A professional ramp installation service can help you decide the best option for your home or business. When selecting the material for the ramp, it's important to take into account your budget and requirements. The ramp should be simple to maintain, and it should be safe for use. Certain cities require that the ramp be laid with an anti-slip surface.
Before you purchase any materials or begin building, be sure you have the appropriate permits from your local authority and that you comply with all building codes in your area. Using the incorrect materials or construction techniques could result in hazardous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find the most current information about construction regulations at the building department of your local government office or library, or on the internet.
Wood ramps are typically the most affordable of ADA ramp materials, however they require more care than other options. Wood ramps should be treated regularly with sealers to stop decay. Wood can splinter and can be dangerous for people who use wheelchairs. Wood ramps also require additional support in order to maintain the structure.
Concrete ramps are extremely durable and last for a long time however they can be costly. They are also heavy, which requires more effort to install and can make moving the ramp after it is no longer needed difficult. Concrete ramps can handle the weight of heavy power wheelchairs.
Aluminum ramps are lighter and more affordable than steel or concrete. They also have the same durability, strength, and resistance to corrosion. They are also less expensive than iron and steel, making them an excellent option for those with budgets. Aluminum is a green choice because it is found in the earth's crust naturally and can be recycled.
The upper ramp's landing should be level or within 3/8 inch of the door threshold to allow for the smaller front wheels of wheelchairs to pass over it without getting stuck. Ramps with gaps higher than this meet ADA standards. Also, ensure that the ramp moves smoothly between the landing area and the ground surface. The last section of the ramp should have a beveled transition to avoid the abrupt stop of wheelchairs when they enter or leave an apartment.
Installation
A wheelchair ramp is a ramp that has a plane that can be installed as an alternative to or in addition to steps. It allows wheelchair users as well as those who use carts or strollers to access areas that are otherwise difficult to access.
There are several considerations when selecting a ramp for wheelchairs, including location, height and cost. The ramp should be placed closest to the door in order to avoid unnecessary travel. It should also be placed at an elevation that is easy to navigate by the person who is using it. It should be securely fixed to the floor and clear of obstructions, such as shrubbery, parked cars or other obstacles.
foldable wheelchair ramp require that ramps are equipped with handrails either side. The rails should be at minimum 36" apart and have an even or smooth gripping surface. Additionally, they should be connected to the ramp and extend at least 12 inches beyond the edge of the ramp. Handrails must be continuous when the ramp is constructed with switchbacks or an L-shaped layout.
The length of the ramp is determined by its incline. However there are standard ramp types which can be used in all situations. For instance, a threshold ramp sits right on the edge of a curb, or the threshold of a doorway, while portable ramps can be moved from one place to another and are available in a variety of sizes. There are also aluminum ramps with modular design that can be built on the spot. These ramps are typically employed in public or commercial areas and are typically longer.
If you are considering a permanent ramp, be sure you check with the building department of your city to determine if you'll need an approval. It is recommended to consult a mobility expert to find out what type ramp will be the most suitable for your requirements and the space you have. In some cases installing an ongoing ramp could boost the value of your home.
Maintenance
It is essential to ensure that your wheelchair ramp is well maintained, especially if are going to use it often. It is essential to conduct regular inspections and fix any structural issues when they occur. This will ensure that the ramp meets all ADA requirements and is safe for the users.
Regularly cleaning wooden ramps is essential to get rid of dirt and other debris that may hinder access. Cleaning the ramp regularly will also prevent moisture from accumulating under the surface and causing decay. Stains and wood preservatives only work properly if the ramp is completely clean prior to application.
Wheelchair ramps can be more challenging to maintain than other kinds of ramps, as they are more prone to wear and wear and tear. The most important thing is to ensure you have the appropriate tools to complete the task. A good set of gauge spanners and screwdrivers will be essential for making sure all fixings are tight and secure. It's also important to check regularly the handrails to ensure they are in a good condition and do not show signs of damage or corrosion. It is possible that over time, and with repeated use and use, the fittings and bolts which hold the handrails in place could loosen, which can be an extremely dangerous risk for people who use the ramp.
It is also crucial to ensure that the surface the ramp is grippy enough especially in winter, when the conditions are difficult. You'll need to sweep away any dirt, leaves and other debris that can hinder the surface and cause slippage. In addition, you'll want to apply a non-corrosive ice melt to the ramp's surface prior to winter arrives to avoid slips and causing injury.
You should consider buying "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if you plan to use it throughout the winter. These wheels are designed to track better on slippery and snowy surfaces. They will allow you to remain on your ramp longer than standard wheelchair tires. You can also make use of heating pads or heating tape to melt snow and ice on the ramp prior to it gets too much.